Canadian Public Health Association | Association Canadienne de Santé Publique
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Canadian Public Health Association

September 30, 2020 2:30pm ET

Neighbourhood access to health services

Presenters:

  • Carrie Shorey, PhD candidate, University of Waterloo
  • Dr. Austin Zygmunt, MD, MSc, CCFP, Public Health and Preventive Medicine Residency Program, University of Ottawa

Our first journal club session discussed a paper on neighbourhood access to health services.

Paper

Neighbourhood-level marginalization and avoidable mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study

Objective

To examine the impact of neighbourhood marginalization on avoidable mortality (AM) from preventable and treatable causes of death.

Methods

All premature deaths between 1993 and 2014 (N = 691,453) in Ontario, Canada, were assigned to quintiles of neighbourhood marginalization using the four dimensions of the Ontario Marginalization Index: dependency, ethnic concentration, material deprivation, and residential instability. We conducted two multivariate logistic regressions to examine the association between neighbourhood marginalization, first with AM compared with non-AM as the outcome, and second with AM from preventable causes compared with treatable causes as the outcome. All models were adjusted for decedent age, sex, urban/rural location, and level of comorbidity.

Results

A total of 463,015 deaths were classified as AM and 228,438 deaths were classified as non-AM. Persons living in the most materially deprived (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.27) and residentially unstable neighbourhoods (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.15) had greater odds of AM, particularly from preventable causes. Those living in the most dependent (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.93) and ethnically concentrated neighbourhoods (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.93) had lower odds of AM, although when AM occurred, it was more likely to arise from treatable causes.

Conclusion

Different marginalization dimensions have unique associations with AM. By identifying how different aspects of neighbourhood marginalization influence AM, these results may have important implications for future public health efforts to reduce inequities in avoidable deaths.