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Canadian Public Health Association

Chronic Disease and Public Health in Canada

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PUBLIC HEALTH MATTERS

Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are leading causes of death and disability in Canada. They also place a significant burden on the healthcare system. Preventive health measures are critical in addressing these diseases, and the federal government has an essential role to play in implementing and funding national strategies that prioritize prevention and reduce the impact of chronic illnesses on Canadians.

A Higher Standard

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory illnesses are the leading causes of death and disability in Canada. Approximately 44% of adults in Canada have at least one chronic disease, and these conditions account for 67% of all deaths (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2024).

The economic burden of chronic disease is also significant, costing the Canadian healthcare system billions of dollars annually. For instance, diabetes alone is estimated to cost $30 billion per year in direct and indirect costs (Diabetes Canada, 2022).

Despite the known risk factors, many chronic diseases are preventable through effective public health measures, including improved nutrition, increased physical activity, and reduced tobacco and alcohol consumption.

It’s time for Canada to do better.

Why It Matters

The burden of chronic disease is not evenly distributed, with structurally disadvantaged populations facing higher risks and poorer outcomes. Indigenous communities, low-income individuals, and racialized groups experience disproportionate rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions due to inequities in access to healthcare, healthy food, and safe environments (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2024).

Moreover, mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety are closely linked with chronic diseases, creating a cycle of poor health outcomes. Addressing chronic disease requires a holistic approach that integrates physical and mental health services (Canadian Mental Health Association - Ontario, 2008).

Policy Solutions for the Next Federal Government

  1. Introduce National Regulations on Unhealthy Foods: Implement taxes on sugary beverages and regulate the amount of trans fats and sodium in processed foods.
  2. Enhance Data Collection and Research: Develop a national strategy for chronic disease data collection and invest in research to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention programs.
  3. Strengthen Public Health Education: Launch a nationwide public health campaign focused on the prevention of chronic diseases, encouraging Canadians to adopt healthier behaviors.
  4. Expand Federal Funding for Preventive Health: Increase funding for community-based programs that promote healthy lifestyles and provide Canadians with the tools they need to prevent chronic diseases.

Questions for the Candidates

  • Will your party commit to a national chronic disease prevention strategy that includes public health interventions, education, and early detection programs?
  • What policies will your party implement to reduce the social and economic factors that contribute to chronic disease in Canada?
  • Does your party support the implementation of front-of-package labelling?
  • Does your part support restrictions on the marketing of foods high in sodium, sugars, and saturated fat to children?

Resources