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Canadian Public Health Association

Climate Action

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PUBLIC HEALTH MATTERS

Climate change represents one of the most urgent public health challenges of our time. Its impacts are felt across every aspect of Canadian life, from health to the economy, and from the environment to social equity. The federal government has a critical role to play in leading climate action and ensuring that Canada meets its emission reduction targets while protecting the health and well-being of all Canadians.

A Higher Standard

Climate change is identified as “the greatest health threat of the 21st century” (The Lancet, 2018). Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and deteriorating air quality are leading to significant health impacts, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, and increased mortality rates (Government of Canada, 2025).

Despite national and international commitments, Canada remains among the world’s highest per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. In 2020, Canada’s emissions were 672 megatonnes, well above the levels needed to meet Paris Agreement targets (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2023).

It’s time for Canada to do better.

Why It Matters

The impacts of climate change on health are already visible:

  • Wildfire smoke exposure has led to increased cases of asthma, lung disease, and cardiovascular conditions across Canada (Health Canada, 2024).
  • Extreme heat events are causing heat stroke, dehydration, and increased mortality, particularly among elderly populations and those with pre-existing health conditions (Canadian Climate Institute, 2021).
  • Vector-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, are expanding into new regions due to changing climate conditions (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2025).

A strong federal commitment to climate action is essential to safeguard the health of future generations.

Policy Solutions for the Next Federal Government

  1. Strengthen Emission Reduction Targets: Commit to more ambitious emission reduction targets in line with the Paris Accord and ensure that Canada meets its 2030 and 2050 goals.
  2. Invest in Green Infrastructure: Increase federal funding for renewable energy projects, energy-efficient buildings, and public transportation systems that reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
  3. Expand Carbon Pricing: Ensure that carbon pricing is fair, equitable, and provides incentives for businesses and individuals to transition to low-carbon alternatives.
  4. Support Climate-resilient Health Systems: Increase funding for public health agencies to monitor and address the health impacts of climate change, including heat-related illnesses, air pollution, and mental health.
  5. Coordinate National and Provincial Action: Collaborate with provinces and territories to create a cohesive, nationwide strategy for climate action that includes the perspectives of Indigenous communities and prioritizes equity.

Questions for the Candidates

  • Does your party acknowledge that human activities are the primary cause of climate change?
  • Does your party support stronger emissions reduction targets to align with Canada’s Paris Agreement commitments?
  • How will your party address the public health impacts of climate change, particularly in structurally disadvantaged communities?
  • What steps will your party take to transition Canada to a low-carbon economy while ensuring economic stability and job growth?

Resources